Objective To establish a clinical pathway for drug treatment (clinical drug pathway) for patients with febrile neutropenia (FN) in the Department of Oncology, which aims to promote the rational medication in clinical practice and reduce drug costs. Methods Based on the analysis of the medication rationality of 93 patients with FN in the Department of Oncology, a clinical drug pathway for FN was established on the basis of evidence-based pharmacy and improved using the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle method. The application of antimicrobial drugs, the combined application of antimicrobial drugs, the blood culture rate, and the irrational application of leukocyte boosters in patients with FN before and after the implementation of the clinical drug pathway for FN were compared. Results After the implementation of the clinical drug pathway for FN, the proportions of patients with irrational application of antimicrobial drugs and excessively long antimicrobial course, antimicrobial course, and per capita drug cost were lower/shorter than those before the implementation; the proportion of patients only using one antimicrobial drug and the blood culture rate were significantly higher than those before the implementation, and the proportion of patients using two antimicrobial drugs decreased compared with that before the implementation; the rate of irrational applications of leukocyte boosters was lower than that before the implementation (all P<0.05). Conclusion The new clinical drug pathway for patients with FN established on the basis of evidence-based pharmacy in the Department of Oncology can promote the rational medication in clinical practice, reduce drug costs, and relieve the economic pressure for patients.

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