内科

目的设置不同的高脂饮食模式以建立痰热腑实证大鼠模型，探讨不同造模条件对模型质量的影响。方法随机将36只雄性SD大鼠分为A组、B组、C组，每组12只。A组给予普通维持饲料、B组给予高脂饲料、C组给予普通维持饲料+高脂乳剂灌胃，造模周期28 d；于造模的第26天起给予B、C组大鼠自体粪便混悬液灌胃，连续3 d。比较三组大鼠一般指标、舌象指标、粪便指标和血脂水平。结果与A组比较，B、C组大鼠的日均饮食量和饮水量均较少（均P<0.05）；B、C组大鼠日均饮食量和饮水量差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。造模第1、2周，三组大鼠体重差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）；造模第3周，A、B两组大鼠体重均大于C组大鼠（均P<0.05）；造模第4周，B组、A组、C组大鼠体重依次降低（均P<0.05）。造模第1周，C组大鼠体温低于A、B组（均P<0.05）；造模第2周，B组大鼠体温高于A、C组大鼠；造模第3周，B、C组大鼠体温均高于A组；造模第4周，B组大鼠体温高于A、C组大鼠（均P<0.05）。末次灌胃后，B、C组大鼠舌象R、G、B值均低于A组大鼠，B、C组大鼠舌下脉络评分均高于A组大鼠（均P<0.05）。与A组比较，B、C两组大鼠粪便粒数、粪便湿重、Bristol分级量表（BSFS）评分均减少/降低（均P<0.05）；B、C组大鼠粪便粒数、粪便湿重、BSFS评分差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。粪便灌胃后，与A组比较，B组血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL‑C）水平均升高（均P<0.05），C组血清TC、LDL‑C水平均升高（均P<0.05）；B、C组大鼠血清LDL‑C、TC、TG、HDL‑L水平差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。结论与普通维持饲料+高脂乳剂灌胃+自体粪便混悬液灌胃法相比，高脂饲料喂养+自体粪便混悬液灌胃法造模能复制出体征症候更明显、稳定性更强、齐同性更好的痰热腑实证动物模型。

Objective To establish excessive fu-viscera caused by phlegm-heat syndrome rat models with different high-fat dietary patterns and explore effects of different modeling approaches on the quality of the models. Methods A total of 36 male SD rats were randomly divided into group A, group B, or group C, with 12 rats in each group. Group A was given normal maintenance feed, group B was given high-fat feed, group C was given normal maintenance feed + high-fat emulsion by gavage, and the modeling cycle lasted for 28 days. From the 26th day of modeling, the rats in groups B and C were given autologous fecal suspension by gavage for 3 consecutive days. The general indexes, indexes for tongue manifestation, fecal indexes, and blood lipids levels were compared between the three groups. Results Compared with group A, the average daily feed intake and water intake of groups B and C were lower (all P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in the average daily feed intake or water intake between groups B and C (all P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the body weight among the three groups in the 1st or 2nd week of modeling (all P>0.05); the body weights of groups A and B were higher than that of group C in the 3rd week of modeling (all P<0.05); the body weights of group B, A, and C decreased successively in the 4th week of modeling (all P<0.05). In the 1st week of modeling, the body temperature of group C was lower than those of groups A and B (all P<0.05); the body temperature of group B was higher than those of groups A and C in the 2nd week of modeling; the body temperatures of groups B and C were higher than that of group A in the 3rd week of modeling; the body temperature of group B was higher than those of groups A and C in the 4th week of modeling (all P<0.05). After the last gavage, the R, G, and B values for tongue manifestation in groups B and C were lower than those in group A, and the sublingual venation scores of groups B and C were higher than that of group A (all P<0.05). Compared with group A, the fecal pellets numbers, fecal wet weights, and Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS) scores of groups B and C were less/lower (all P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in the fecal pellets number, fecal wet weight, or BSFS score between groups B and C (all P>0.05). After the fecal gavage, compared with group A, the serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in group B were higher (all P<0.05), and the serum levels of TC and LDL-C in group C were higher (all P<0.05); there was no statistically significant difference in serum level of LDL-C, TC, TG, or HDL-L between groups B and C (all P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with the normal maintenance feed + high-fat emulsion by gavage + autologous fecal suspension by gavage, the method of high-fat feed + autologous fecal suspension by gavage can replicate an excessive fu-viscera caused by phlegm-heat syndrome rat model with more obvious signs, stronger stability, and better homogeneity.