Objective To investigate the correlations between viral load and serum liver injury markers in treatment-naïve human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectors. Methods The clinical data of 402 treatment-naïve HIV infectors in the Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning were retrospectively analyzed, and they were divided into group A (<1×104 copies/mL), group B (1×104-<1×105 copies/mL), group C (1×105-<1×106 copies/mL), and group D (≥1×106 copies/mL) according to their viral loads. The clinical characteristics and liver enzyme abnormalities of each group were analyzed and compared, and the Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to explore the correlations between HIV viral load and liver injury markers. Results Among the 402 treatment-naïve HIV infectors, the overall incidence of liver enzyme abnormalities was 23% (92/402), of which 15% (60/402) had an elevation in alanine transaminase (ALT), 7% (29/402) in aspartate transaminase (AST), 13% (51/402) in γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and 3% (13/402) in alkaline phosphatase (ALP). There were statistically significant differences in age, sex, ALT, AST, GGT, ALP, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, CD4+ T lymphocyte count, HIV RNA, incidence of liver enzeme abnormalities, ALT elevation rate, AST elevation rate, GGT elevation rate, and ALP elevation rate among HIV infectors with different viral loads (all P<0.05). HIV viral load was positively correlated with the levels of ALT, AST, GGT, and ALP (rs=0.152, P=0.002; rs=0.312, P<0.001; rs=0.277, P<0.001; rs=0.143, P=0.004). Conclusion HIV viral load correlates with serum liver injury markers in HIV infectors, among whom it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and management of liver function.

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