Objective To study the effect of interferonα-2b and Lamivudine in chronic hepatitis B patients with a longer course of treatment.Methods137 patients were enrolled and randomized into two groups. 61 patients received interferonα-2b and lamivudine simultaneously for 52 weeks,then lamivudine alone for 52 weeks (combination group). 76 patients received lamivudine alone for 104 weeks (control group).ResultsThere was no difference between two groups in HBV DNA response and ALT normal rate (P=0.24).Proportion of HBeAg/Anti-HBe serum conversion in combination group was significantly higher than control group (42.6% vs. 26.3%,P=0.045). HBV YMDD mutation rate in combination group was lower than in lamivudine group (14.5% vs.40.8%,P=0.001).ConclusionThe efficacy of combination therapy is better than lamivudine mono-therapy.Combination treatment may diminish the development of HBV YMDD mutation.