ObjectiveTo explore the changes of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) in the short term (28 days) of onset, and to provide the references for clinical treatment. MethodsA total of 90 HICH patients diagnosed and treated in Neurology Department of our hospital, 30 patients with simple hypertension (hypertension control group), and 30 volunteers (health control group) undergoing healthy examinations in our hospital were selected as the research objects. According to the GCS coma scores at admission, 90 HICH patients were divided into light group (12-15 points, 30 cases), medium group (9-11 points, 30 cases), and severe group (3-8 points, 30 cases). Flow cytometry was used to detect and compare the levels of T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood between the abovementioned five groups. The dynamic changes of T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood were detected and compared between the light medium and severe groups. ResultsOn the first day after admission, compared to the health control and hypertension control groups, HICH patients obtained significantly lower relative counts of CD4+ cells, with the more severe the coma, the lower the relative counts; moreover, higher relative counts of CD8+ cells presented to HICH patients, with the more severe the coma, the higher the relative counts, whereas lower CD4+/CD8+ ratio performed on HICH patients, with the more severe the coma, the lower the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ (P＜0.05). After admission, the relative counts of CD4+ cells in HICH patients gradually decreased. The patients in the light group and medium group reached to the lowest levels on the seventh day, and the patients in the severe group reached to the lowest level on the tenth day. Then the counts gradually picked up, and their levels on the twenty-eighth day were equivalent to those on the first day. The more severe the coma in HICH patients, the lower the relative counts of CD4+ cells. There was a statistically significant difference in the relative counts of CD4+ cells between the light group, medium and severe groups (P＜0.05). After admission, the relative counts of CD8+ cells in HICH patients gradually increased. The patients in the light group and medium group reached to the highest level on the seventh day, with the severe group in the highest level on the tenth day. Then the counts gradually decreased, and their levels on the twenty-eighth day were equivalent to those on the first day. The more severe the coma in HICH patients, the higher the relative counts of CD8+ cells. There was a statistically significant difference in the relative counts of CD8+ cells between the light, medium and severe groups (P＜0.05). After admission, the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in HICH patients gradually decreased, with light group and medium group in the lowest level on the seventh day, and the severe group in the lowest level on the tenth day. Then the counts gradually picked up, and their levels on the twenty-eighth day were equivalent to those on the first day. The more severe the coma in HICH patients, the lower the relative counts of CD4+/CD8+ ratio. There was a statistically significant difference in the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ between the light, medium and severe groups (P＜0.05). ConclusionHICH patients are susceptible to cellular immune dysfunction after onset, which reached to the most serious on the seventh to tenth days, with a high risk of infection. Targeted treatment may help reduce the occurrence of complications and improve the prognosis of patients.

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