ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between serum sex hormone levels and cognitive function of newly diagnosed untreated schizophrenia. MethodsA total of 98 cases of newly diagnosed untreated schizophrenia treated in our hospital from May 2013 to March 2016 were selected as observation group, and 80 volunteers undergoing health examinations in our hospital during the same period were selected as control group. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) was used to assess the cognitive function, with the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) to assess the attention in both groups, and with MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) to evaluate cognitive function of the observation group, including 7 items as for Brief Visuospatial Memory Test (BVMT), Continuous Performance Test-Identical Pairs (CPT-IP), Wechsler memory scale (the third edition, WMS-Ⅲ) assessment, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT), Neuropsychological Test Battery (NTB), Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT), Standard Operation Procedure (SOP). The sex hormone levels were detected and compared between the two groups. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to analyze the sex hormone levels of patients with schizophrenia and their positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS) scores and MCCB scores. ResultsCompared to the control group, the observation group yielded higher numbers of WCST total response and random error, as well as continuous error number scores, whereas lower number of WCST correct response, scores of completed sorting number, and CPT total scores, with statistically significant differences (P＜0.05). Male in the observation group obtained a higher prolactin level, whereas lower levels of testosterone, estradiol, and luteinizing hormone in comparison with male in the control group; meanwhile, female in the observation group obtained higher prolactin and progesterone levels, whereas lower levels of testosterone and estradiol compared to female in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P＜0.05). Male patients in the observation group obtained negative correlations between prolactin and WMS-Ⅲ (r=-0.290), NTB (r=-0.351) scores, whereas with positive correlations between testosterone level and BVMT (r=0.610), NTB (r = 0.560) scores, and with positive correlations between estradiol level and BVMT (r=0.296), NTB (r=0.410), SOP (r=0.355) scores. Prolactin level of female schizophrenia patients was negatively correlated with BVMT (r=-0.198), WMS-Ⅲ (r=-0.311), NTB (r=-0.382), MSCEIT (r=-0.379) scores, follicle stimulating hormone level was negatively correlated with MSCEIT (r=-0.219) score, and estradiol level was negatively correlated with PANSS (r=-0.399), whereas estradiol level was positively correlated with HVLT (r=0.540), MSCEIT (r=0.399), SOP (r=0.410) scores. ConclusionCognitive function decreases in newly diagnosed untreated patients with schizophrenic, and the levels of sex hormone in patients are different from healthy people. Increased prolactin levels, decreased testosterone and estradiol levels may be related to the onset of schizophrenia.

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