ObjectiveTo explore the effect of additionally administering levothyroxine based on methimazole on thyroid function, bone biochemical indicators, and bone mineral density in patients with diffuse toxic goiter (Graves’ disease). MethodsA total of 90 patients with Graves’ disease admitted to our hospital from June 2016 to June 2018 were selected, and they were divided into two groups using the random number method. The control group was treated with methimazole, and the observation group was treated with levothyroxine on the basis of the treatment in the control group, for a twelve-month treatment course. The thyroid function, bone biochemical indicators, bone mineral density, and the occurrence of adverse reactions pre- and post-treatment in the two groups were compared. ResultsBefore treatment, there were no statistically significant differences in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels between the two groups (P＞0.05). After treatment for 12 months, the FT3 and FT4 levels of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group, whereas the TSH level was significantly higher than that of the control group, with statistically significant differences (P＜0.05). Before treatment, there were no statistically significant differences in bone Gla protein (BGP), serum alkaline phosphate (ALP), 24 h urinary calcium (UCa), and 24 h urinary phosphorus (UP) levels between the two groups (P＞0.05). After 12 months of treatment, patients in the observation group obtained lower levels of BGP, ALP, UCa, and UP as compared to the control group, with statistically significant differences (P＜0.05). Before treatment, there were no statistically significant differences in the bone mineral density of the Ward triangle, femur, tibia, and spine L2-L4 between the two groups (P＞0.05). After 12 months of treatment, the bone mineral density in the abovementioned parts of the two groups significantly increased, and the bone mineral density of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group, with a statistically significant difference (P＜0.05). During treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionAdministering levothyroxine additionally based on methimazole therapy for patients with Graves′ disease can significantly improve the efficacy, effectively improve the thyroid function and bone metabolism disorders, increase bone mineral density, prevent osteoporosis, and thus it is highly safe for treatment.

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